Wetlands and Ecosystem Services

Wetland paddy agro-ecosystems are recognized as important human-made wetland systems. Realizing that lands ecological systems, the state of Kerala in southern India passed an act 2008 preventing their conversion to other uses. The provides subsidies and production bonuses encourage farmers imposes penalties for non-compliance. However, economic benefits associated with considerably higher than current bonuses. As such, continues unabated despite incentives disincentives provided act. This study examines rationale land through a comparative assessment health against competing Ecological is assessed terms amphibian population—specifically, frog abundance diversity across different uses, frogs considered bio-indicators health. results reveal adversely affects survival amphibians, especially frogs, thus emphasizing role maintaining region. also empirical evidence creating “Pigouvian subsidies” or farmers.